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The wars of the Latin American Independence took place in the late 18th century and early 19th century. A number of independent countries resulted from these wars. This all began when Napoleon dethroned Ferdinand and replaced him with his brother. Lead by Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla, Mexico was the first for revolt. However, this attempt for independence was unsuccessful and Hidalgo was executed in 1811. Next, took place in Buenos Aires, where Bolivar and Juntas lead a movement for Venezuelan Independence. This, although was not successful. In 1816 Bolivar returned to Venezuela beginning the tide of successful uprisings. The first true victory was against the Spanish in Chile in 1817. This victory had a domino effect for other victories for the cause of Latin American Independence. Simon Bolivar began to conquer most of northern South America. He and his armies won several battles against the Spanish army.